{"id":1206,"date":"2024-12-07T18:18:26","date_gmt":"2024-12-07T18:18:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aegir-ran.com\/?page_id=1206"},"modified":"2024-12-07T18:18:28","modified_gmt":"2024-12-07T18:18:28","slug":"puerto-montt","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/aegir-ran.com\/index.php\/puerto-montt\/","title":{"rendered":"Puerto Montt"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Puerto Montt<\/strong> (Mapuche<\/a>: Meli Pulli) is a port city<\/a> and commune<\/a> in southern Chile<\/a>, located at the northern end of the Reloncav\u00ed Sound<\/a> in the Llanquihue Province<\/a>, Los Lagos Region<\/a>, 1,055 km to the south of the capital, Santiago<\/a>. The commune spans an area of 1,673 km2<\/sup> (646 sq mi) and has a population of 245,902 in 2017. It is bounded by the communes of Puerto Varas<\/a> to the north, Cocham\u00f3<\/a> to the east and southeast, Calbuco<\/a> to the southwest and Maull\u00edn<\/a> and Los Muermos<\/a> to the west.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Founded as late as 1853 during the German colonization of southern Chile<\/a>, Puerto Montt soon outgrew older neighboring cities through its strategic position at the southern end of the Chilean Central Valley<\/a> being a gateway city into the Chilo\u00e9 Archipelago<\/a>, the Llanquihue<\/a> and Nahuel Huapi<\/a> lakes and Western Patagonia<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Puerto Montt has gained renown and grown significantly through the rise of Chile to become the second largest salmon producer of the world during the 1990s and 2000s. However, the Chilean salmon aquaculture crisis<\/a> of the late 2000s resulted in severe unemployment<\/a> and exposed weaknesses in the local economy. The city’s cultural endowment mixes elements of Chilean-Spanish culture with a German heritage. The city has attracted a significant number of newcomers from all over Chile in the last 30 years[which?<\/a><\/em>]<\/sup> in search of employment opportunities.[citation needed<\/a><\/em>]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

History<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Originally, the site was covered by thick forest and was called Melipulli<\/em> (which means “four hills” in Mapudungun<\/a>). It was selected as an entrance to Lake Llanquihue<\/a> when its proximity to the open sea was discovered. The expedition was entrusted to Bernardo Philippi<\/a>, a German naturalist and cartographer, but after his death in 1851, Vicente Perez Rosales took over his duties, and by the end of September started to chop trees at Reloncav\u00ed sound using local woodsman coming from Huar, Maillen, Huelmo and Calbuco Mainly. By December, after the forest was cut down, the area was burned to clear the land in anticipation of completing the settlement plan.[4]<\/sup> The city itself was founded on February 12, 1853, after government-sponsored immigration from Germany<\/a>that began in 1848 populated the region and integrated it politically to the rest of the country.[citation needed<\/a><\/em>]<\/sup> It was named after Manuel Montt<\/a>, President of Chile<\/a>between 1851 and 1861, who set in motion the German immigration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 1912, the city was connected by train to Santiago, making it an important point of entry into Chilean Patagonia and augmenting its commercial development. By 1950, it had a population of 27,500, and the city was rapidly urbanizing. However, the 1960 Valdivia earthquake<\/a> destroyed much of Puerto Montt, collapsing the port and the train station along with many building and houses. Eventually the city recovered, becoming once again an important urban centre as well as a port of national interest.[5]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1969 violence<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Main article: Massacre of Puerto Montt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the start of March 1969, approximately 90 landless people received poor advice from Socialist<\/a> Member of Parliament<\/a> Luis Espinoza. The families were never granted land needed to build their homes. On March 4, 1969, the families settled on empty, unoccupied farmland owned by an absentee landlord. The families sought squatters’ rights. Approximately four to five days after moving onto the land, the local Police Chief<\/a> Rolando Rodr\u00edguez Marb\u00e1n assured the squatters that they would not be disturbed, and could proceed with their home construction. Unfortunately, the Ministry of the Interior changed their orders, which led to tragic results.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On midnight on March 9, Luis Espinoza Socialist<\/a> member of parliament<\/a> was charged with breaking the law, arrested, and moved to the city of Valdivia<\/a>, where he was held. Following direct orders from the Minister of Interior Edmundo P\u00e9rez Zujovic<\/a>, 250 armed policemen launched an assault on the squatting families at dawn. Eight squatters were shot dead. Two squatters, a 9-month child and an adult later died from their wounds. The newly built homes were decimated.[6]<\/sup>The massacre is poignantly memorialized by singer-songwriter V\u00edctor Jara<\/a> in his song Preguntas por Puerto Montt<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The massacre of Puerto Montt and the public outcry that followed were major factors contributing to the defeat of Eduardo Frei<\/a>‘s party in the Chilean presidential election of 1970<\/a> which was succeeded by Salvador Allende<\/a>‘s Unidad Popular<\/a>.[citation needed<\/a><\/em>]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Late 20th century<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

By 1979, Puerto Montt was nominated and later become the Capital of Los Lagos Region, thereby becoming the principal administrative, political and commercial centre of Southern Chile.[7]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

By 1982, the commune already reached 103,680 inhabitants. From the late 1980s, the city began to experience a new accelerated growth, both in population and in the economic sphere, mainly due to the installation of the industry Chilean salmon farm, of which Puerto Montt became its nerve center.[citation needed<\/a><\/em>]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Demographics<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

According to the 2017 census<\/a>, Puerto Montt has 245,902 inhabitants (121,019 men and 124,883 women), of which 25,759 live in rural areas<\/a> and 220,143 live in urban areas<\/a>. From 218,858 inhabitants in the 2012 census, the population grew by 12.36% (27,044 people).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of the overall population, 52,483 belong to indigenous<\/a> groups, with 50,247 being Mapuche<\/a>, 314 Aymara people<\/a>, 73 Rapa Nui people<\/a>, 19 Lican Antai<\/a>, 84 Quechua people<\/a>, 27 Colla<\/a>, 136 Diaguita<\/a>, 114 Kaw\u00e9sqar<\/a>, 38 Yahgan<\/a>, 175 other and 1,256 declaring indigenous status but not identifying a group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

About 1.46% of the population (3,595 people) are immigrants, with 199 reporting originating from Peru<\/a>, 596 from Colombia<\/a>, 269 from Venezuela<\/a>, 40 from Bolivia<\/a>, 1,527 from Argentina<\/a>, 44 from Haiti<\/a>, 194 from Ecuador<\/a>, 157 from South America<\/a>, 153 from Central America<\/a> and the Caribbean<\/a>, 52 from North America<\/a>, 242 from Europe<\/a>, 83 from Asia<\/a>, 16 from Africa<\/a>, 6 from Oceania<\/a> and 17 not declaring.[3]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Climate<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Puerto Montt has a wet oceanic climate<\/a> (K\u00f6ppen<\/a>: Cfb<\/em>) with heavy rainfall throughout the year but a drying trend in the summer. Although temperatures are consistently below 25 \u00b0C (77 \u00b0F), frosts are very rare and occur only a couple of times per month in the winter. For the 41st parallel south<\/a>, closer to the equator<\/a>than to the South Pole<\/a>, Puerto Montt is much cooler than areas further inland in terms of summer temperatures, due to cool ocean currents nearby.[citation needed<\/a><\/em>]<\/sup>This is compounded by the lack of a sizeable landmass on those parallels in the southern hemisphere. That means that Puerto Montt has much cooler summers than areas at similar distances from the equator in the northern hemisphere.[citation needed<\/a><\/em>]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Economy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

See also: Aquaculture in Chile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Puerto Montt is the capital of the Los Lagos Region<\/a> and the Llanquihue Province<\/a>, and the main sea port at the lower end of Chile’s western continental land. The city is the principal commercial, services, and financial hub of the Chilean Northern Patagonia<\/a>\u2014Zona Austral<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Puerto Montt is also the gateway to the Chilo\u00e9 Archipelago<\/a> and Chilo\u00e9 Island<\/a>across the Chacao Channel<\/a>, and the many other smaller islands in Chile’s inland Sea of Chilo\u00e9<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The city’s economy is now based upon agriculture, cattle, and forestry<\/a> on the surrounding islands, and fishing and salmon aquaculture<\/a> in the fjords<\/a> and nearby Pacific Ocean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

During the 19th century, before and after the founding of Puerto Montt, the extraction and commercialization of wood, mainly larch, was the main economic activity in the area. Other existing items since the creation of the city were, to a lesser extent, alcohol distilleries, grain oil factories, breweries and the sale of items imported from Germany or Valpara\u00edso. Puerto Montt, as the capital, was vital in the entry and exit of merchandise to the area, since the seaway was the only way to get the products out – the train would only arrive in 1912.Salmon aquaculture<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The city is configured as the hub of one of the largest salmon aquaculture<\/a>industries in the world. Hatcheries, fisheries and packing plants are mostly located south of Puerto Montt. Fresh salmon is flown daily to world markets and frozen salmon is shipped by ocean to all destinations. The tremendous growth of the region, mainly due to the salmon industry, but also due to rapid expansion of forestry, cattle, and tourism, has proven the massive economic potential of Puerto Montt and its surrounding area.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Transport<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

El Tepual Airport<\/a> is the main commercial airport serving the city. Three airlines operate regular flights to and from Santiago<\/a>, Punta Arenas<\/a>, Balmaceda<\/a>, and Antofagasta<\/a>. The airlines operating at the airport are LATAM Airlines<\/a> (the country’s largest), Sky Airline<\/a> and JetSmart<\/a>. The flight time to Santiago is approximately two hours.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Additionally, Marcel Marchant Aerodrome (La Paloma)<\/a> connects the city with remote locations within the Patagonian Fjords.[citation needed<\/a><\/em>]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Administration<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

As a commune, Puerto Montt is a third-level administrative division of Chile<\/a>administered by a municipal council<\/a>, headed by an Alcalde<\/a> with 10 councilors and represented in the Chamber of Deputies<\/a> by 5 members and in the Senate<\/a> by 2 people and with support of a Regional Council of 6 members.[13]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since 2012 the current mayor has been Gervoy Paredes Rojas who was reelected at 2016 Municipal elections with an end term up to 2020 and the current members of the council are Fernado Espa\u00f1a Espa\u00f1a (PS<\/a>), Sonia Hernandez Asencio (PS), Luis Matamala Almonacid (PDC<\/a>), Veronica Sanchez Silva (PDC), Juan Carlos Cuiti\u00f1o Uribe (GEP<\/a>), Rodrigo Wainraihgt Galilea (RN<\/a>), Fernando Orellana Perez (RN), Marcia Mu\u00f1oz Cochifas (IND), Hector Ulloa Aguilera (PPD<\/a>) and Leonardo Gonzales Saez (PPD).[14]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Within the electoral division of Chile<\/a>, representatives of Puerto Montt, District 26 (Puerto Montt, Cocham\u00f3<\/a>, Maull\u00edn<\/a>, Calbuco<\/a>, Castro<\/a>, Ancud<\/a>, Quemchi<\/a>, Dalcahue<\/a>, Curaco de V\u00e9lez<\/a>, Quinchao<\/a>, Puqueld\u00f3n<\/a>, Chonchi<\/a>, Queil\u00e9n<\/a>, Quell\u00f3n<\/a>, Chait\u00e9n<\/a>, Hualaihu\u00e9<\/a>, Futaleuf\u00fa<\/a> and Palena<\/a>) in the Chambers of Deputies 2018-2022 are Jenny \u00c1lvarez Vera (PS), Gabriel Ascencio Mansilla (PDC), Alejandro Santana Tirachini (RN), Carlos Kuschel Silva (RN) and Alejandro Bernales (Liberal Party<\/a>). The current Representatives in the Senate period 2014-2022 are Rabindranath Quinteros Lara (PS) and Ivan Moreira Barros (UDI<\/a>). Regional councilors members 2018-2022 are Ricardo Kuschel Silva (RN), Jaime Brahm Barril (RN), Juan Ortiz Roble (UDI), Manuel Rivera Altamirano (PS), Juan Carcamo Carcamo (PDC) and Valentina Alvarez (Ind\/PPD).[15]<\/sup>[16]<\/sup>[17]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

References<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  1. “Municipality of Puerto Montt”<\/a>\u00a0(in Spanish).\u00a0Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 3 May 2011. Retrieved\u00a01 January\u00a02011.normal<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. “National Statistics Institute”<\/a>\u00a0(in Spanish).\u00a0Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 13 November 2010. Retrieved\u00a013 December\u00a02010.normal<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. ^\u00a0a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup>\u00a0b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup>\u00a0c<\/strong><\/em><\/sup>\u00a0Censo 2017<\/a>\u00a0(2017).\u00a0“Resultados Censo 2017 por pa\u00eds, regiones y comunas”<\/a>\u00a0[Census 2017 results by country, region and commune] (in Spanish). Archived from\u00a0the original<\/a>\u00a0on 29 November 2018. Retrieved\u00a028 November\u00a02018.normal{{cite web<\/a>}}<\/code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link<\/a>)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. C\u00e9sar A. S\u00e1nchez Vera.\u00a0“Historia de Puerto Montt”<\/a>.\u00a0Diario El Llanquihue<\/a>. Archived from\u00a0the original<\/a>\u00a0on February 8, 2017. Retrieved\u00a0April 20,2016.normal<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. “Puerto Montt 1853-2002”<\/a>. Memoria Chilena.\u00a0Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on April 24, 2016. Retrieved\u00a0April 20,\u00a02016.normal<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  6. “Chile: 9 de marzo de 1969, masacre en Puerto Montt, ni olvido, ni perd\u00f3n”<\/a>. Correo de los trabajadores. Archived from\u00a0the original<\/a>\u00a0on April 26, 2016. Retrieved\u00a0April 17,\u00a02016.normal<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  7. Oficina Municipal de Patrimonio Cultural.\u00a0“Historia”<\/a>. Municipalidad de Puerto Montt.\u00a0Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on May 17, 2016. Retrieved\u00a0April 20,\u00a02016.normal<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  8. “Datos Normales y Promedios Hist\u00f3ricos Promedios de 30 a\u00f1os o menos”<\/a>(in Spanish). Direcci\u00f3n Meteorol\u00f3gica de Chile.\u00a0Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 30 May 2023. Retrieved\u00a030 May\u00a02023.normal<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  9. “Temperaturas Medias y Extremas en 30 A\u00f1os-Entre los a\u00f1os: 1991 al 2020-Nombre estaci\u00f3n: El Tepual Puerto Montt Ap”<\/a>\u00a0(in Spanish). Direcci\u00f3n Meteorol\u00f3gica de Chile. Archived from\u00a0the original<\/a>\u00a0on 30 May 2023. Retrieved\u00a030 May\u00a02023.normal<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  10. “Estadistica Climatologica Tomo II”<\/a>\u00a0(PDF)\u00a0(in Spanish). Direcci\u00f3n General de Aeron\u00e1utica Civil. March 2001. Archived from\u00a0the original<\/a>\u00a0(PDF)\u00a0on 17 April 2012. Retrieved\u00a0December 25,\u00a02012.normal<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  11. “Temperatura Hist\u00f3rica de la Estaci\u00f3n El Tepual Puerto Montt Ap. (410005)”<\/a>(in Spanish). Direcci\u00f3n Meteorol\u00f3gica de Chile.\u00a0Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 30 May 2023. Retrieved\u00a030 May\u00a02023.normal<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  12. “El Tepual Aeropuerto Puerto Montt Climate Normals 1991\u20132020”<\/a>.\u00a0World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991\u20132020)<\/em>.\u00a0National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration<\/a>. Archived from\u00a0the original<\/a>\u00a0on 4 August 2023. Retrieved\u00a04 August\u00a02023.normal<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  13. “Servicio Electoral de Chile”<\/a>.\u00a0Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on February 24, 2018. Retrieved\u00a0January 21,\u00a02018.normal<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  14. “Municipal Council Members of Puerto Montt”<\/a>.\u00a0Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on January 21, 2018. Retrieved\u00a0January 21,\u00a02018.normal<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  15. “Chamber of Deputies of Chile”<\/a>. Archived from\u00a0the original<\/a>\u00a0on September 10, 2017. Retrieved\u00a0January 21,\u00a02018.normal<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  16. “Senate of Chile”<\/a>.\u00a0Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on January 21, 2018. Retrieved\u00a0January 21,\u00a02018.normal<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  17. “Regional Council X Region de Los Lagos”<\/a>.\u00a0Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on January 23, 2018. Retrieved\u00a0January 21,\u00a02018.normal<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  18. “Full guide of Education in Chile”<\/a>\u00a0(in Spanish).\u00a0Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 6 February 2018. Retrieved\u00a06 February\u00a02018.normal<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  19. “Adventist School of Puerto Montt”<\/a>\u00a0(in Spanish).\u00a0Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 6 February 2018. Retrieved\u00a06 February\u00a02018.normal<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  20. “Pumahue School Puerto Montt”<\/a>\u00a0(in Spanish).\u00a0Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 7 February 2018. Retrieved\u00a06 February\u00a02018.normal<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  21. “Cognita Group”<\/a>.\u00a0Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 7 February 2018. Retrieved\u00a06 February\u00a02018.normal<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  22. “COLEGIO SALESIANO P. Jos\u00e9 Fern\u00e1ndez P\u00e9rez”<\/a>\u00a0(in Spanish).\u00a0Archived<\/a>from the original on 7 February 2018. Retrieved\u00a06 February\u00a02018.normal<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  23. “German School Puerto Montt”<\/a>\u00a0(in Spanish).\u00a0Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 7 February 2018. Retrieved\u00a06 February\u00a02018.normal<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  24. “Deutscher Bundestag 4. Wahlperiode Drucksache IV\/3672<\/a>” (Archive<\/a>).\u00a0Bundestag<\/a>\u00a0(West Germany). 23 June 1965. Retrieved on 12 March 2016. p. 23\/51.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  25. “Lafquen Montessori School”<\/a>\u00a0(in Spanish).\u00a0Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 6 February 2018. Retrieved\u00a06 February\u00a02018.normal<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  26. “Hermanas de la caridad del Sagrado Corazon de Jesus”<\/a>\u00a0(in Spanish).\u00a0Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 7 February 2018. Retrieved\u00a06 February2018.normal<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  27. “Joaquin de los Andes Puerto Montt”<\/a>\u00a0(in Spanish).\u00a0Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 6 February 2018. Retrieved\u00a06 February\u00a02018.normal<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  28. “Universidad de los Lagos”<\/a>. Archived from\u00a0the original<\/a>\u00a0on 2016-08-12. Retrieved\u00a02016-08-16.normal<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  29. “Bienvenidos a UACh | Universidad Austral de Chile”<\/a>.\u00a0Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 2016-08-15. Retrieved\u00a02016-08-16.normal<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  30. “Descripci\u00f3n | USS 2016”<\/a>.\u00a0Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 2016-04-23. Retrieved\u00a02016-08-16.normal<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  31. “Puerto Montt – Universidad Santo Tom\u00e1s”<\/a>.\u00a0Archived<\/a>\u00a0from the original on 2016-08-27. Retrieved\u00a02016-08-16.normal<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Puerto Montt (Mapuche: Meli Pulli) is a port city and commune in southern Chile, located at the northern end of the Reloncav\u00ed Sound in the Llanquihue Province, Los Lagos Region, 1,055 km to the south of the capital, Santiago. The commune spans an area of 1,673 km2 (646 sq mi) and has a population of 245,902 in 2017. It is bounded by the communes of Puerto Varas to the north, Cocham\u00f3 to the east and … <\/p>\n

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