{"id":1129,"date":"2024-12-07T14:44:51","date_gmt":"2024-12-07T14:44:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aegir-ran.com\/?page_id=1129"},"modified":"2024-12-07T14:44:54","modified_gmt":"2024-12-07T14:44:54","slug":"luganville","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/aegir-ran.com\/index.php\/luganville\/","title":{"rendered":"Luganville"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Luganville<\/strong> is the second largest city in Vanuatu<\/a> after the capital Port Vila<\/a>; it is located on the island of Espiritu Santo<\/a> and has a population of 18,062 as of the 2020 census.[3]<\/sup> Those on Vanuatu’s northern islands who regard Luganville as their big city, particularly indigenous populations, call it Santo<\/strong>; rural residents of Espiritu Santo call it Kanal<\/strong> (from the former French name “Canal du Segond”).[4]<\/sup>Luganville served as a major base of operations for American troops<\/a> during World War II<\/a>.[5]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Boulevard Higinson, the main street that runs through Luganville, contains mainly tourist boutiques and general stores.[6]<\/sup> During WWII, the Americans used the Espiritu Santo as a military base<\/a>; as a result of the occupation, Boulevard Higinson is unusually wide, as a base commander insisted that four tanks should be able to drive along the road simultaneously.[7]<\/sup> At one end of Higinson is the port, one of two main ports for the island.[5]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

History<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

World War II<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

During World War II<\/a>, the American military<\/a> erected two bases on two islands of what is now Vanuatu (a British-French colony known then as New Hebrides<\/a>), one of which being Espiritu Santo.[8]<\/sup> A village of small, spaced-out communities was established into one city: Luganville.[9]<\/sup> Base Button is the largest U.S. base in the South Pacific<\/a>, covering 38 miles, and was used mainly for maintenance and supply storage.[8]<\/sup>[10]<\/sup>[5]<\/sup> Luganville was a major part of preparing American units for the Guadalcanal campaign<\/a>.[11]<\/sup> Four airfields were built; Palikulo Bay Airfield<\/a>, Turtle Bay Airfield<\/a>, and Luganville Airfield<\/a> no longer exist, but the Bomber 3 was turned into Santo-Pekoa International Airport<\/a>.[5]<\/sup>[10]<\/sup>[11]<\/sup> Other facilities built were five military hospitals, Luganville Seaplane Base<\/a>, Pontoon Wharf, a floating drydock, and thousands of Quonset huts<\/a>.[5]<\/sup>[11]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Luganville is home to the South Pacific WWII Museum<\/a> dedicated to preserving the history of World War II across the South Pacific region initiated in 2012 by the mayor Peter Sakita.[12]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Independence<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

By the second half of the 20th century, Luganville was largely French-speaking<\/a>and initially resisted the attempts to gain independence leading up to its declaration on July 30, 1980.[13]<\/sup> French troops initially attempted to quash the flag-raising in Luganville, but returned to France in August instead.[14]<\/sup> Some unrest arose between political parties vying for power, but has since been largely peaceful.[15]<\/sup>[16]<\/sup>[17]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Population<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

As of the 2016 census, 98.7% of Luganville was of Melanesian<\/a> and\/or Ni-Vanuatu<\/a> descent.[18]<\/sup> Those of non-Melanesian descent are a minority and are European, other Pacific Islander, and Asian peoples.[19]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the city is formed by squatted<\/a> informal settlements<\/a> such as La Milice, Mango, Pepsi, Rowok, Sarakata and St Michel. Mango was first settled by Vietnamese migrants who constructed shelters out of scrap metal left behind by the United States Army<\/a>. The Vietnamese were repatriated in the 1960s and it was then occupied by Ni-Vanuatu<\/a> migrants.[20]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Economy and infrastructure<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Luganville’s economy suffered after Vanuatu declared independence in 1980.[13]<\/sup>It has a strong tourist industry, namely in the areas of World War II artifacts and scuba diving (SS President Coolidge<\/a> is a popular site as are the coral reefs), and is a destination for many cruise lines.[17]<\/sup> Its other main industries are agriculture, cattle, and offshore financial services.[21]<\/sup> The market along Boulevard Higinson is popular for its inexpensive food.[22]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Northern Provincial Hospital is one of two main referring hospitals on Espiritu Santo and serves people from other northern islands in Vanuatu as well as its own residents.[23]<\/sup> Luganville is home to Vanuatu Health Training Institute, one of the two medical training schools on the island, but there are not enough graduates to prevent a shortage of medical professionals.[24]<\/sup> Though medical expenses make up 50% of the government’s budget, the hospital still relies heavily on donations.[24]<\/sup>[25]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There are six main banking organizations in Luganville: Reserve Bank of Vanuatu<\/a>, Wanfuteng Bank, the National Bank of Vanuatu<\/a>, Bank South Pacific<\/a>, BRED Bank, and ANZ Bank<\/a>.[26]<\/sup>[27]<\/sup>[28]<\/sup>[29]<\/sup>[30]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Broadband internet was not available in Luganville until late 2006.[22]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Transportation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Luganville is one of Vanuatu’s busiest ports, especially as a transshipment<\/a> point for copra<\/a>, coconut oil, and cacao<\/a>.[31]<\/sup>[22]<\/sup> Canal du Segond<\/a>, the body of water separating the main island and Luganville from Aore Island<\/a>, provides the town with an excellent sheltered harbour.[31]<\/sup> The town is served by Santo-Pekoa International Airport<\/a>, the second largest airport in Vanuatu.[32]<\/sup> The city is also serviced by a number of taxis, buses, and public transport trucks.[22]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Climate<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Luganville features a tropical rainforest climate<\/a> (Af<\/em>) under the K\u00f6ppen climate classification<\/a>. The town features relatively constant temperatures year-round, with average temperature hovering around 25 \u00b0C or 77 \u00b0F. Average precipitation is roughly 2,920 millimetres or 110 inches annually.[33]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Notes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  1. Ayong, Steve (2021-06-10).\u00a0“Renovation of historic Luganville town hall almost complete”<\/a>. VBTC. Retrieved\u00a02021-07-15.normal<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Ligo, Godwin (2019-10-07).\u00a0“New Mayor Outlines Priorities”<\/a>. Daily Post. Retrieved\u00a02021-07-15.normal<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. ^\u00a0a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup>\u00a0b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup>\u00a0“Vanuatu 2020 National Population and Housing Census Preliminary Results has been released on Wednesday 30th June 2021”<\/a>. Vanuatu National Statistics Office. 2021-06-30. Retrieved\u00a02021-07-15.normal<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. “Luganville”<\/a>. Famous Wonders. n.d. Retrieved\u00a02021-07-15.normal<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. ^\u00a0a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup>\u00a0b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup>\u00a0c<\/strong><\/em><\/sup>\u00a0d<\/strong><\/em><\/sup>\u00a0e<\/strong><\/em><\/sup>\u00a0Stone, Peter (1997).\u00a0The Lady and the President: The Life and Loss of the S.S. President Coolidge<\/em><\/a>. Retrieved\u00a02021-07-15.normal<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  6. “Shopping: Vanuatu”<\/a>. Arrival Guides. n.d. Retrieved\u00a02021-07-15.normal<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  7. “Luganville \u2013 Espirito [sic<\/em>] Santo”<\/a>. Norwegian Cruise Lines. n.d. Retrieved\u00a02021-07-15.normal<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  8. ^\u00a0a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup>\u00a0b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup>\u00a0Johnson, Tambrie (2021-03-31).\u00a0“The South Pacific’s Premier World War II Museum”<\/a>. HistoryNet. Retrieved\u00a02021-07-15.normal<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  9. “Espiritu Santo & WWII”<\/a>. Santo Travel. n.d. Retrieved\u00a02021-07-15.normal<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  10. ^\u00a0a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup>\u00a0b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup>\u00a0Kosmidis, Pierre (n.d.).\u00a0“The South Pacific’s WW2 forgotten base”<\/a>. World War 2 Wrecks. Retrieved\u00a02021-07-15.normal<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  11. ^\u00a0a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup>\u00a0b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup>\u00a0c<\/strong><\/em><\/sup>\u00a0“Santo Bases”<\/a>. South Pacific WW2 Museum. n.d. Retrieved\u00a02021-07-15.normal<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  12. “The South Pacific’s Premier World War II Museum”<\/a>.\u00a0HistoryNet<\/em>. 1 April 2021. Retrieved\u00a04 June\u00a02023.normal<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  13. ^\u00a0a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup>\u00a0b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup>\u00a0Stanley, David (1989).\u00a0South Pacific Handbook<\/em><\/a>. Retrieved\u00a02021-07-15.normal<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  14. “Vanuatu – a brief history”<\/a>.\u00a0RNZ<\/a>. n.d. Retrieved\u00a02021-07-15.normal<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  15. MacClancy, J.V. (1984).\u00a0“Vanuatu since Independence: 1980-83”<\/a>.\u00a0The Journal of Pacific History<\/em>.\u00a019<\/strong>\u00a0(2): 100\u2013112.\u00a0doi<\/a>:10.1080\/00223348408572484<\/a>.\u00a0JSTOR<\/a>\u00a025168546<\/a>. Retrieved\u00a02021-07-15.normal<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  16. Westoby, Peter; Brown, M. Anne (2007).\u00a0“Peaceful Community Development in Vanuatu: A Reflection on the Vanuatu Kastom Governance Partnership”<\/a>.\u00a0Journal of Peacebuilding and Development<\/em>.\u00a03<\/strong>\u00a0(3): 77\u201381.\u00a0doi<\/a>:10.1080\/15423166.2007.390449351269<\/a>.normal<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  17. ^\u00a0a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup>\u00a0b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup>\u00a0Munk Klint, Louise; Jiang, Min; Law, Alexandra; Delacy, Terry; Filep, Sebastian; Calgaro, Emma; Dominey-Howes, Dale; Harrison, David (2012).\u00a0“Dive Tourism in Luganville, Vanuatu: Shocks, Stressors, and Vulnerability to Climate Change”<\/a>\u00a0(PDF).\u00a0Tourism in Marine Environments<\/em>.\u00a08<\/strong>\u00a0(1\/2): 91\u2013109.\u00a0doi<\/a>:10.3727\/154427312X13262430524225<\/a>. Archived from\u00a0the original<\/a>(PDF)\u00a0on 2018-07-19. Retrieved\u00a02021-07-16.normal<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  18. “Luganville”<\/a>. City Population. n.d. Retrieved\u00a02021-07-15.normal<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  19. “Vanuatu (12\/03)”<\/a>. US Department of State. n.d. Retrieved\u00a02021-07-15.normal<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  20. Hill, David; Chung, Margaret (2020).\u00a0“Urban informal settlements in Vanuatu: Challenge for equitable development”<\/a>\u00a0(PDF).\u00a0Report prepared for Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat and UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, Pacific Operation Centre<\/em>. Retrieved\u00a016 March2021.normal<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  21. Illsley, C.L. (2019-11-14).\u00a0“What Are The Biggest Industries In Vanuatu?”<\/a>. World Atlas. Retrieved\u00a02021-07-16.normal<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  22. ^\u00a0a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup>\u00a0b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup>\u00a0c<\/strong><\/em><\/sup>\u00a0d<\/strong><\/em><\/sup>\u00a0“Luganville”<\/a>\u00a0(PDF). Luganville Youth Council. n.d. Retrieved\u00a02021-07-16.normal<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  23. “Northern Provincial Hospital”<\/a>. Doctors Assisting in South-Pacific Islands. n.d. Retrieved\u00a02021-07-16.normal<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  24. ^\u00a0a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup>\u00a0b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup>\u00a0World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Western Pacific (2013).\u00a0Human resources for health country profiles\u00a0: Republic of Vanuatu<\/a>(Report). Manila: WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific. Retrieved\u00a02021-07-16.normal<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  25. “NORTHERN PROVINCIAL HOSPITAL”<\/a>. Vanuatu Ministry of Health. 2017. Retrieved\u00a02021-07-16.normal<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  26. “Bank of South Pacific takes over Westpac Operations in Vanuatu”<\/a>. Daily Post. 2016-07-05. Retrieved\u00a02021-07-16.normal<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  27. “Opening of Wanfuteng Bank’s New Branch in Santo a Success”<\/a>. Daily Post. 2021-05-01. Retrieved\u00a02021-07-16.normal<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  28. Garae, Len (2020-03-14).\u00a0“Grassroots partner with National Bank”<\/a>. Daily Post. Retrieved\u00a02021-07-16.normal<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  29. Willie, Glenda (2019-08-23).\u00a0“BRED Bank Expands Services”<\/a>. Daily Post. Retrieved\u00a02021-07-16.normal<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  30. Garae, Len (2016-12-08).\u00a0“Governor applauds ANZ”<\/a>. Daily Post. Retrieved\u00a02021-07-16.normal<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  31. ^\u00a0a<\/strong><\/em><\/sup>\u00a0b<\/strong><\/em><\/sup>\u00a0“Initial Environmental Examination”<\/a>\u00a0(PDF). Ministry of Infrastructure and Public Utilities for Asian Development Bank. 2021. Retrieved\u00a02021-07-16.normal<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  32. “The 27 largest airports and airlines in Vanuatu”<\/a>. World Data. n.d. Retrieved\u00a02021-07-16.normal<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  33. “LUGANVILLE, VANUATU”<\/a>. weatherbase. n.d. Retrieved\u00a02021-07-16.normal<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  34. “World Weather Information Service”<\/a>. World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved\u00a018 August\u00a02024.normal<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  35. “Government of Republic of Vanuatu chooses KK as its main office in Malaysia”<\/a>.\u00a0New Sabah Times<\/a>. 5 May 2013. Archived from\u00a0the original<\/a>\u00a0on 2013-10-19. Retrieved\u00a015 May\u00a02013.normal<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  36. “Sister city agreement reaping rewards”<\/a>.\u00a0Vanuatu Daily Post<\/a><\/em>. 6 May 2013. Retrieved\u00a015 July\u00a02013.normal<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  37. “Luganville and Honiara establish sister city relations”<\/a>.\u00a0Vanuatu Daily Post<\/em>. 21 March 2013. Archived from\u00a0the original<\/a>\u00a0on 14 July 2013. Retrieved\u00a015 July\u00a02013.normal<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  38. “Port Vila strengthens sister agreement with Luganville”<\/a>.\u00a0Vanuatu Daily Post<\/em>. 26 September 2012. Archived from\u00a0the original<\/a>\u00a0on 14 July 2013. Retrieved\u00a015 July\u00a02013.normal<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  39. “EXTENDING AN INVITATION TO ESTABLISH A SISTER CITY RELATIONSHIP WITH THE CITY OF LUGANVILLE, VANUATU”<\/a>\u00a0(PDF). Government of Honolulu. 2003-08-13. Retrieved\u00a02021-07-16.normal<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  40. Ligo, Godwin (2019-07-10).\u00a0“Luganville signs Sister City Agreement with Chinese counterpart”<\/a>. Daily Post. Retrieved\u00a02021-07-16.normal<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  41. Daily Post.\u00a0“Australian city of Bundaberg and Luganville join forces to formalise sister city relationship”<\/a>.\u00a0dailypost.vu<\/em>. Daily Post. Retrieved\u00a014 March\u00a02023.normal<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Luganville is the second largest city in Vanuatu after the capital Port Vila; it is located on the island of Espiritu Santo and has a population of 18,062 as of the 2020 census.[3] Those on Vanuatu’s northern islands who regard Luganville as their big city, particularly indigenous populations, call it Santo; rural residents of Espiritu Santo call it Kanal (from the former French name “Canal … <\/p>\n

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